Doctors who study aging have different ideas about why we get old. One idea is that our genes are programmed to make us age. Another is that there’s a trade-off: things that help us have babies might shorten our lives. A third theory is that the idea that genes that are beneficial early in life can be detrimental later in life. No matter the reason, as we age, our bodies lose their ability to bounce back from illness or injury. But, we also gain knowledge and wisdom.
Dr. Zaldy S. Tan of UCLA’s Healthy Aging Program, as presented in a geriatric medicine review, explores the biological theories of aging. These include the “Accelerated Aging Gene Theory,” suggesting genetic programming for senescence; the “Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theory,” which posits a trade-off between fitness and lifespan; and the “Disposable Soma Theory,” emphasizing resource allocation between reproduction and metabolic repair.
Even though we can’t stop aging, we can slow it down. Healthy habits are key. Not smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and eating well help greatly. Exercise is also important. Both cardio (like walking) and strength training (like lifting weights) help keep our bodies strong. Even though our hearts can’t beat as fast when we’re older, we can still stay active. Because of better healthcare, people are living much longer now. By taking care of ourselves, we can have healthier and happier later years.
Regardless of the specific cause, aging results in “homeostenosis,” a decline in physiological reserves, affecting various bodily functions. However, knowledge and wisdom often increase with age.
While aging is inevitable, its effects can be mitigated through healthy lifestyle choices. Avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, engaging in regular aerobic and strength training exercises, and maintaining a balanced diet are crucial for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, thus delaying physiological decline. Although maximum heart rate decreases with age, appropriate exercise regimens can still foster well-being. With advancements in medical care, life expectancy has significantly increased, and adopting these healthy practices can help individuals maximize their health and quality of life in their later years, aiming to “stay out of the obituaries.” Read more.
Learn more about healthy aging in the Meet the Author: Honest Aging course featuring Dr. Rosanne Leipzig.